Pericle's Funeral Oration and the Gettysburg Address

1. First paragraph
1. Gettysburg Address
1. The continent was created where all men are equal but yet they are fighting civil war because of it not being equal. "Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated can long endure. "
2. Many people died at this war
2. Pericle's Funeral Oration
1. Athens and Sparta went into war.
2. Athens was doing very well and Pericles says how well they are doing. "While I doubt if the world can produce a man who, where he has only himself to depend upon, is equal to so many emergencies, and graced by so happy a versatility, as the Athenian. "
3. Thesis
1. Abraham Lincoln did a better funeral oration because he knew how to talk to the people better and was able to bring them back to how the nation was supposed to be equal but they are still fighting in civil war.
2. Appeal to patriotism.
1. Lincoln
1. He talks about how great and brave the men are for fighting in this war. "The brave men, living and dead who struggled here have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. "
2. He says that this nation under God should have a new birth of freedom and that the government shall not perish from the Earth.
2. Pericles
1. Athens was doing very well and Pericles says how well they are doing. "While I doubt if the world can produce a man who, where he has only himself to depend upon, is equal to so many emergencies, and graced by so happy a versatility, as the Athenian. "
2. In omst of his funeral oration he keeps talking about how great Athens was and how they did very well with their power.

Gibbon and Toynbee

Edward Gibbon was an English historian who had his own idea of how the Roman Empire fell. He is famous for writing The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. He was also a part of The Parliament. His book was written in prose. When he wrote about the fall of the Roman empire he talked more about the good things about the Roman Empire. He believed that Rome was a very powerful empire and that the reason it fell was because it gained too much power. He said the fall was unavoidable since there was so much power. He also says that when we think about the fall of Rome we should think of how long it actually lasted.

Arnold Toynbee was a British historian. His views on the fall of the Roman Empire were very different then Edward Gibbons. He is famous for writing A Study of History. He as also a part of the Parliament. Unlike Gibbons, he didn't write about the good things about Roman Empire. He thought that Christianity was the problem and was what cause the roman Empire to fall. He said that the civilization destroyed itself.

sources:

"Arnold Toynbee - Christianity and Civilization." Welcome to MYRIOBIBLOS - The Etext Library of the Church of Greece. Web. 20 Mar. 2010. http://www.myriobiblos.gr/texts/english/toynbee.html

"Medieval Sourcebook: Gibbon: The Fall of the Roman Empire." FORDHAM.EDU. Web. 19 Mar. 2010. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/gibbon-fall.html

viking notes

1. Iceland's language is the language of the vikings
2. There were norweigan vikings and swedish vikings
3. The viking raids happen between the 8th and 11th centuries
4. You see vikings a lot in out culture
5. The vikings raid the coast of england and ireland. They spend a lot of time doing this
6. The vikings believed in Valhala- the after life
7. Odin would greet them as heros if they died in battle
8. Norse mythoology
• From norway or sweded
9. Primary sources
• Edda
• Older and younger
10. The viking age at the heights is in the 8th and 9th century
11. The second of the important books is the Heimskringla
• A poet wrote this and his name was Snori Sturluson
12. Eddas tell the myths and the heimskringla tell the legends of the kings
13. These books aren't written until the vikings are gone or christianized
14. Eddas
• Cosmology of norse thinking- your concept of the universe
• There are 9 worlds and we live on midgard
• North- elves; south- black elves; east- giants and fire; west- ice; up- god's world; down-hell; across- place far out and no one is there
15. He was told if he hung himself he would gain the secret knowledge and he hung himself on the tree
16. Runs were something you consult if you are making a big decision. It was an alphabet
17. Other major story is the story of ragnarok
18. The great battle that will happen at the end of the world and the entire world will be on fire and a new life will come out of the ashes
19. Vikings had no fear of death
20. Eirek the red was a viking king
21. His son leaf Erikson was the guy who supposedly found north America

Video notes

22. The Vikings come from Scandinavia
23. In Norwegian archeologists found out how the Vikings lived and died
24. They find a grave shell buried as a tomb filled with the needs the Viking will need in his afterlife
25. They had very good ships
26. They sometimes buried them in their ships when they died
27. They had chiefs who ruled the little groups
28. They made a Viking long ship- they had many techniques and built the boat well
29. The boats were swift and nothing could catch them
30. The battle axe was one of the fiercest weapons the Vikings had
31. The fleet of 120 hundred ships go to Paris
32. The Vikings conquered a lot and nothing could stop them
33. The king of France pays the raiders so that they would leave and never come back but it had the opposite affect
34. Erik the red led an exposition and became the first to settle Greenland. It wasn't good land so he called it Greenland even though it was not. It was very harsh land
35. Leaf Erikson- in year 1000 he set sail and found Newfoundland.
36. Leaf Erikson was asked to bring Christianity to Greenland

Who's A Good Guy? Who's a Bad Guy?

There are many things that can make a person good or bad. People usually categorize someone as a good person or a bad person. Thinking if someone is good or bad is an opinion and people can think different things about a person. It just depends on what you think makes a good or bad person. The definition of good is, “well-behaved: kind, beneficent, or friendly: honorable or worthy; in good standing.” (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/good) The definition of bad is,” not good in any manner or degree: having a wicked or evil character; morally reprehensible.” (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bad). There are groups of people in the world, for example Vikings, where people believe that they were bad people but in reality they were not bad their lifestyle was just different.
When people think of Vikings they usually think that they were terrible, vicious people. This is true because they did go at war a lot. They would kill people often and they did vicious things. This could be a reason why people thought that Vikings were bad people. There are also people out there that think Vikings are good people. This is also true because they didn’t just randomly go to war. There was a reason and it was just part of their lifestyle. And they also thought that if they died in battle that they would be honored on the afterlife, which they believed strongly in.
There are many myths about Vikings and these have a huge impact on what people think about Vikings. One myth was that Vikings did nothing but except fighting and pillaging. The Vikings did fight a lot, that is true but that was not there whole life. They peacefully colonized places like Greenland, Iceland, and some other places. (http://www.vikingrune.com/2009/02/top-ten-myths-about-vikings/ There are also many other myths about Vikings and some are just crazy. One big myth is also that Vikings wore horned hats but that is not true. This affected how people think that Vikings are bad people because it makes them seem scary. These are just like rumors. For example if someone hears about a rumor about a kid they will probably assume that that person is bad even if they don’t know him. The people that do know him might know that he is actually a good person. It just depends on how you look at that person and how you define good and bad.
A lot of information about Vikings were written by British and French clergy, who were victims of the Vikings. Since they were victims they probably said a lot of bad things about the Vikings which also makes us think of Vikings more as bad people. Most of the time Vikings were good people. They lived normal lives where they were farmers, shipbuilders, and traded with other people. (http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/02/0217_040217_vikings.html) A lot of people have a misconception of Vikings for these very reasons. Maybe if people researched more about Vikings they would learn more about them and realize they were not always bad people that just had a different lifestyle.
To me the things that make a good person is how they act around other people. They are good if they are nice to people and they don’t get a bad idea of a person right away. They think before they act and they know how to have a good time with people. I think a bad person is someone who can say bad things about people. They don’t know how to enjoy their life. And they just act in a nasty manner around people. This is just my idea of what makes a person good or bad and different people might think different things. It all just depends on how you picture a good or bad person.

sources:

"Bad | Define Bad at Dictionary.com." Dictionary.com | Find the Meanings and Definitions of Words at Dictionary.com. Web. 19 Mar. 2010. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bad

"Good | Define Good at Dictionary.com." Dictionary.com | Find the Meanings and Definitions of Words at Dictionary.com. Web. 19 Mar. 2010. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/good

"Top Ten Myths About Vikings: Misconceptions Re Norsemen." The Viking Rune: Norse Vikings and All Things Scandinavian. Web. 19 Mar. 2010. http://www.vikingrune.com/2009/02/top-ten-myths-about-vikings/

"Vikings' Barbaric Bad Rap Beginning to Fade." Daily Nature and Science News and Headlines | National Geographic News. Web. 19 Mar. 2010. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/02/0217_040217_vikings.html

Why Are Vikings such Common Mascots in American Sports?

For many sports and schools, vikings are used as their mascot. They also name teams after vikings like the Minnesota Vikings. Mascots are usually something that might be scary or tough to show you that the team is tough. Then why are vikings the mascots of many teams? that is because people think of them as scary cruel people. Which in some ways is true because they were always fighting and always at war. People think they did nothing but fight and that they were cruel and bloodthirsty people. The first thing most people think of when they hear viking is that they are mean nasty people. There are even a lot of myths about them being scary and ferocious and at times they weren't too bad but they still make a very good mascot.

source:

"Top Ten Myths About Vikings: Misconceptions Re Norsemen." The Viking Rune: Norse Vikings and All Things Scandinavian. Web. 18 Mar. 2010. http://www.vikingrune.com/2009/02/top-ten-myths-about-vikings/

Viking Primary Sources Flashcards

Did Vikings really wear helmets with the horns?

Whenever people think of vikings they always think of them wearing the helmets with the big horns. However that is a myth. There is no evidence proving that vikings wore horns on their helmets. There is still some possibility that that is true but there is evidence about the helmets the vikings actually did wear. Their helmets were fairly simple, they just looked like a bowl with a nose guard. These helmets were made from pieces of iron that were put together. These were called spangenhelm. The nose guard was to prevent the nose from being broken. So when people associate vikings with helmets with horns they are wrong.

source:

"Hurstwic: Viking Helmets." Hurstwic, a Viking Age Living History Society. Web. 15 Mar. 2010. http://www.hurstwic.org/history/articles/manufacturing/text/viking_helmets.htm