Notes

March 8

1. Villas were like country houses- this is where the senators would sometimes come on the weekends
2. Subura- tightly compacted neighborhood in Rome
3. Gracchus brothers- Tiberius and Gaius were tribunes doing the later second century, and they had run on a platform of land rights for plebeians.
4. A battle came up in the senate
5. both of the Gracchus brothers are assassinated in two separate events in the roman forum
6. This marks the beginning of a very bloody century
7. Marius and Sulla- two roman leaders, both had won great battles on the battlefield
8. Marius is involved in the social war
9. The social war takes place around 91-88BC.
10. Troops are loyal to their leaders
11. The first civil war is between sulla's army and Marius's army
12. Marius is going to defend Rome and sulla is going to march on them
13. Sulla wins and Marius has to flee Rome.
14. Dominant political figure of the first century is Julius Caesar
15. Casesar wants to run for political office for the senate
16. Caesar came from the Julii family
17. Romance languages- french, spanish, italian, portugese, romanian.
18. These languages derives from latin and latin is the language of the Romans
19. Caesar becomes popular with the people
20. Casesars party -populares
21. They are all patrician aristocrats but the populares gain their power from the common people
22. Caesar wins
23. Senators don't like this so they go out of their way to make his life miserable
24. They send Caesar to Gaul which at that time is the middle of nowhere
25. Caesar says if I am going to go to gaul I might as well make a name for myself and he sets out to concur all of Gaul and he concurs a lot
26. The senators are nervous about Caesar winning all these battles
27. The Roman senate passes a condemnation of Caesar and it says that his battles in Gaul were illegal because they were done without the authority of the roman senate and they request that Caesar comes back to go to trial.
28. Caesar either go back to Rome by himself and faces trail and has no chance or he could go back to Rome with his army but if he does that he is going to start a civil war.
29. He decides to start the civil war and he crosses the Rubicon
30. Famous quote- the die has been cast
31. When the senators find out that Caesar is coming they freak and they get behind Pompey their lead general and they evacuate the city.
32. Pompey becomes the hero of the senate
33. Civil war one side led by Caesar and Pompey the other side leader
34. Caesar had great respect for Pompey
35. The final battle occurs in Pharsalus
36. Caesar's right hand man is Mark Antony
37. Pompey escapes the battle and goes to Egypt, but when he gets to Egypt he is met by assassins and they decapitate.
38. Caesar creates an alliance with Egypt
39. Caesar is named dictator for life
40. The senators get worried and they plot to assassinate him

March 9

1. Octavian
• Nephew of Julius Caesar
• When Caesar died Octavian was named Caesar's air
• In Caesar's will he adopts Octavian as his son
2. Octavian, Mark Antony, and Lepidus
• Form second triumvirate
• They split up the world of Rome amongst themselves
• Octavian gets the west from Italy and over
• Antony gets Greece and Egypt
• Lepidus takes the east
3. Mark Antony and Octavian get in a war against each other
• Enormous sea battle at a place called Actium
• Octavian's right hand man was Marcus Agrippa
• They defeat the forces of Cleopatra
• Cleopatra and Antony commit suicide
• Winning the battle of Actium, Octavian becomes the soul power in Rome
• Senate declares him as Augustus
• Becomes first emperor of Rome and the republic is effectively over
• Becomes the first of the Julio- Claudian dynasty
4. Julio- claudian dynasty
• Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero
5. Augustus
• After he dies his errs were not very good.
6. Suetonius
• Primary resourcer about the julio-claudian
MArch 10
1. Augustus
• Treated the senate not like they were less than him but he was number one
• Did not leave an err
• Wife's name was Livia who had a son from a previous marriage and his name was from the Claudia
• He was cruel
2. Prima porta
• Has no shoes which means they are being depicted like a god
• Cupid is riding on a dolphin and the dolphin is the symbol of Venus
• Presenting himself as having divine lineage
• On breastplate is a roman and a barbarian.
• Standards of Rome- tall bronze rods that have gold emblems on them.
• Image of propaganda
• Born of a divine family
• Roman was experts of propoganda
3. Coligila
• Nutcase
• Had special affections with his sister
• Tried to get his horse to be a senator
• Assasinate
4. Claudius
• Strange guy
• He was deformed and shy
• Overall he was a descent empire because he didn't really do much
• He did not want to be emperor and he was scared
5. Nero
• Nutcase
• Burned down a substantial part of Rome and blamed the Christians
• He wanted a large piece of property for a park and he put up a palace and a giant statue of himself on it
• Forced to commit suicide and when he goes he says the world has lost a great artist
• That ends julius-cladius
6. Vespasian
• Becomes emperor in 69Ad
• He wanted to run things strictly very military style
• Good at getting order back into the empire
• When roman emperors die they were turned into state gods- temple built in their honor
7. Titus
• He completes the Vespasian amphitheatre- coliseum
• The arch of titus and on the inside of the arch it shows a scene with people carrying a menorah because there was roman occupation of Jerusalem
8. Domitian
• Tough guy
• Builds some big public works
• Assasinated
9. Nerva
• Age of "good emperors"- Nervo-96-98; Trajan 98-117; Hadrian 117-138; antimimus pius 138-161; Marcus Aurelius 161-180
• Starts the practice in Rome of choosing who his err is going to be rather than his err just being a blood relative
10. Trajan
• Military genius
• Campaign out into the east
• Trajan's column- center of Rome, wrapped in the story of the campaign
• Expands the empire more
11. Hadrian
• Unlike any empire before him
• He was a philospopher, archetect, statesman, writer, world traveler
• First roman emperor not to be from Italy, he was from Spain
• He grew beard because greeks grew beards and he wanted to be seen as a philosopher