Pericle's Funeral Oration and the Gettysburg Address

1. First paragraph
1. Gettysburg Address
1. The continent was created where all men are equal but yet they are fighting civil war because of it not being equal. "Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated can long endure. "
2. Many people died at this war
2. Pericle's Funeral Oration
1. Athens and Sparta went into war.
2. Athens was doing very well and Pericles says how well they are doing. "While I doubt if the world can produce a man who, where he has only himself to depend upon, is equal to so many emergencies, and graced by so happy a versatility, as the Athenian. "
3. Thesis
1. Abraham Lincoln did a better funeral oration because he knew how to talk to the people better and was able to bring them back to how the nation was supposed to be equal but they are still fighting in civil war.
2. Appeal to patriotism.
1. Lincoln
1. He talks about how great and brave the men are for fighting in this war. "The brave men, living and dead who struggled here have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. "
2. He says that this nation under God should have a new birth of freedom and that the government shall not perish from the Earth.
2. Pericles
1. Athens was doing very well and Pericles says how well they are doing. "While I doubt if the world can produce a man who, where he has only himself to depend upon, is equal to so many emergencies, and graced by so happy a versatility, as the Athenian. "
2. In omst of his funeral oration he keeps talking about how great Athens was and how they did very well with their power.

Gibbon and Toynbee

Edward Gibbon was an English historian who had his own idea of how the Roman Empire fell. He is famous for writing The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. He was also a part of The Parliament. His book was written in prose. When he wrote about the fall of the Roman empire he talked more about the good things about the Roman Empire. He believed that Rome was a very powerful empire and that the reason it fell was because it gained too much power. He said the fall was unavoidable since there was so much power. He also says that when we think about the fall of Rome we should think of how long it actually lasted.

Arnold Toynbee was a British historian. His views on the fall of the Roman Empire were very different then Edward Gibbons. He is famous for writing A Study of History. He as also a part of the Parliament. Unlike Gibbons, he didn't write about the good things about Roman Empire. He thought that Christianity was the problem and was what cause the roman Empire to fall. He said that the civilization destroyed itself.

sources:

"Arnold Toynbee - Christianity and Civilization." Welcome to MYRIOBIBLOS - The Etext Library of the Church of Greece. Web. 20 Mar. 2010. http://www.myriobiblos.gr/texts/english/toynbee.html

"Medieval Sourcebook: Gibbon: The Fall of the Roman Empire." FORDHAM.EDU. Web. 19 Mar. 2010. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/gibbon-fall.html

viking notes

1. Iceland's language is the language of the vikings
2. There were norweigan vikings and swedish vikings
3. The viking raids happen between the 8th and 11th centuries
4. You see vikings a lot in out culture
5. The vikings raid the coast of england and ireland. They spend a lot of time doing this
6. The vikings believed in Valhala- the after life
7. Odin would greet them as heros if they died in battle
8. Norse mythoology
• From norway or sweded
9. Primary sources
• Edda
• Older and younger
10. The viking age at the heights is in the 8th and 9th century
11. The second of the important books is the Heimskringla
• A poet wrote this and his name was Snori Sturluson
12. Eddas tell the myths and the heimskringla tell the legends of the kings
13. These books aren't written until the vikings are gone or christianized
14. Eddas
• Cosmology of norse thinking- your concept of the universe
• There are 9 worlds and we live on midgard
• North- elves; south- black elves; east- giants and fire; west- ice; up- god's world; down-hell; across- place far out and no one is there
15. He was told if he hung himself he would gain the secret knowledge and he hung himself on the tree
16. Runs were something you consult if you are making a big decision. It was an alphabet
17. Other major story is the story of ragnarok
18. The great battle that will happen at the end of the world and the entire world will be on fire and a new life will come out of the ashes
19. Vikings had no fear of death
20. Eirek the red was a viking king
21. His son leaf Erikson was the guy who supposedly found north America

Video notes

22. The Vikings come from Scandinavia
23. In Norwegian archeologists found out how the Vikings lived and died
24. They find a grave shell buried as a tomb filled with the needs the Viking will need in his afterlife
25. They had very good ships
26. They sometimes buried them in their ships when they died
27. They had chiefs who ruled the little groups
28. They made a Viking long ship- they had many techniques and built the boat well
29. The boats were swift and nothing could catch them
30. The battle axe was one of the fiercest weapons the Vikings had
31. The fleet of 120 hundred ships go to Paris
32. The Vikings conquered a lot and nothing could stop them
33. The king of France pays the raiders so that they would leave and never come back but it had the opposite affect
34. Erik the red led an exposition and became the first to settle Greenland. It wasn't good land so he called it Greenland even though it was not. It was very harsh land
35. Leaf Erikson- in year 1000 he set sail and found Newfoundland.
36. Leaf Erikson was asked to bring Christianity to Greenland

Who's A Good Guy? Who's a Bad Guy?

There are many things that can make a person good or bad. People usually categorize someone as a good person or a bad person. Thinking if someone is good or bad is an opinion and people can think different things about a person. It just depends on what you think makes a good or bad person. The definition of good is, “well-behaved: kind, beneficent, or friendly: honorable or worthy; in good standing.” (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/good) The definition of bad is,” not good in any manner or degree: having a wicked or evil character; morally reprehensible.” (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bad). There are groups of people in the world, for example Vikings, where people believe that they were bad people but in reality they were not bad their lifestyle was just different.
When people think of Vikings they usually think that they were terrible, vicious people. This is true because they did go at war a lot. They would kill people often and they did vicious things. This could be a reason why people thought that Vikings were bad people. There are also people out there that think Vikings are good people. This is also true because they didn’t just randomly go to war. There was a reason and it was just part of their lifestyle. And they also thought that if they died in battle that they would be honored on the afterlife, which they believed strongly in.
There are many myths about Vikings and these have a huge impact on what people think about Vikings. One myth was that Vikings did nothing but except fighting and pillaging. The Vikings did fight a lot, that is true but that was not there whole life. They peacefully colonized places like Greenland, Iceland, and some other places. (http://www.vikingrune.com/2009/02/top-ten-myths-about-vikings/ There are also many other myths about Vikings and some are just crazy. One big myth is also that Vikings wore horned hats but that is not true. This affected how people think that Vikings are bad people because it makes them seem scary. These are just like rumors. For example if someone hears about a rumor about a kid they will probably assume that that person is bad even if they don’t know him. The people that do know him might know that he is actually a good person. It just depends on how you look at that person and how you define good and bad.
A lot of information about Vikings were written by British and French clergy, who were victims of the Vikings. Since they were victims they probably said a lot of bad things about the Vikings which also makes us think of Vikings more as bad people. Most of the time Vikings were good people. They lived normal lives where they were farmers, shipbuilders, and traded with other people. (http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/02/0217_040217_vikings.html) A lot of people have a misconception of Vikings for these very reasons. Maybe if people researched more about Vikings they would learn more about them and realize they were not always bad people that just had a different lifestyle.
To me the things that make a good person is how they act around other people. They are good if they are nice to people and they don’t get a bad idea of a person right away. They think before they act and they know how to have a good time with people. I think a bad person is someone who can say bad things about people. They don’t know how to enjoy their life. And they just act in a nasty manner around people. This is just my idea of what makes a person good or bad and different people might think different things. It all just depends on how you picture a good or bad person.

sources:

"Bad | Define Bad at Dictionary.com." Dictionary.com | Find the Meanings and Definitions of Words at Dictionary.com. Web. 19 Mar. 2010. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bad

"Good | Define Good at Dictionary.com." Dictionary.com | Find the Meanings and Definitions of Words at Dictionary.com. Web. 19 Mar. 2010. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/good

"Top Ten Myths About Vikings: Misconceptions Re Norsemen." The Viking Rune: Norse Vikings and All Things Scandinavian. Web. 19 Mar. 2010. http://www.vikingrune.com/2009/02/top-ten-myths-about-vikings/

"Vikings' Barbaric Bad Rap Beginning to Fade." Daily Nature and Science News and Headlines | National Geographic News. Web. 19 Mar. 2010. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/02/0217_040217_vikings.html

Why Are Vikings such Common Mascots in American Sports?

For many sports and schools, vikings are used as their mascot. They also name teams after vikings like the Minnesota Vikings. Mascots are usually something that might be scary or tough to show you that the team is tough. Then why are vikings the mascots of many teams? that is because people think of them as scary cruel people. Which in some ways is true because they were always fighting and always at war. People think they did nothing but fight and that they were cruel and bloodthirsty people. The first thing most people think of when they hear viking is that they are mean nasty people. There are even a lot of myths about them being scary and ferocious and at times they weren't too bad but they still make a very good mascot.

source:

"Top Ten Myths About Vikings: Misconceptions Re Norsemen." The Viking Rune: Norse Vikings and All Things Scandinavian. Web. 18 Mar. 2010. http://www.vikingrune.com/2009/02/top-ten-myths-about-vikings/

Viking Primary Sources Flashcards

Did Vikings really wear helmets with the horns?

Whenever people think of vikings they always think of them wearing the helmets with the big horns. However that is a myth. There is no evidence proving that vikings wore horns on their helmets. There is still some possibility that that is true but there is evidence about the helmets the vikings actually did wear. Their helmets were fairly simple, they just looked like a bowl with a nose guard. These helmets were made from pieces of iron that were put together. These were called spangenhelm. The nose guard was to prevent the nose from being broken. So when people associate vikings with helmets with horns they are wrong.

source:

"Hurstwic: Viking Helmets." Hurstwic, a Viking Age Living History Society. Web. 15 Mar. 2010. http://www.hurstwic.org/history/articles/manufacturing/text/viking_helmets.htm

Did the Roman Empire "fall"?

The Roman Empire was a huge period in Rome but the question is did the Roman Empire fall and how did it fall. There are many theories and controversies of how the Roman Empire fell and why it fell. Historians have supported many different theories of how the empire fell and it is still unclear exactly how the Roman Empire fell. The Roman Empire was “An empire that succeeded the Roman Republic during the time of Augustus, who ruled from 27 BC to 14AD. At its greatest extent it encompassed territories stretching from Britain and Germany to North Africa and the Persian Gulf. After 395 it was split into the Byzantine Empire and the Western Roman Empire, which rapidly sank into anarchy under the onslaught of barbarian invaders from the north and east. The last emperor of the West, Romulus Augustulus (born c. 461), was deposed by Goths in 476, the traditional date for the end of the empire.” (http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Roman+Empire) The Roman Empire did fall, but it fell for a number of reasons and there are many historians that back up these different reasons.
The Roman Empire began with the Julio- Claudians in 27BC. These were a number of different emperors that started the Roman Empire. The first Roman empire was Augustus. (http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/roem/hd_roem.htm) After him there were a lot more emperors and the Roman Empire was doing very well for a long time. The Roman Empire then started to decline and it is said that it fell in 476 AD.

The people living outside of the Roman Empire were known as Barbarians and the Roman army was having trouble stopping these Barbarians from coming into Rome. Because of this the Romans had to make a bigger army which meant that they had to raise taxes to pay the large army. A lot of the people were not able to afford these high taxes and it became a big problem. There was also a terrible plague which caused almost 5,000 people a day to die. (http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ROMbarbarians.htm) With all the people dying from starvation and the plague, there were less people to join the army and protect the city from Barbarians. There were also more people becoming Christians and some citizens became monks and they would not get married and have children. Since the rate of people having children went down even more of the population decreased. Then the Germans also started attacking and Rome and this lost even more of the Roman Empire. At this point the Roman Empire was declining a lot and eventually just died in 476AD.
There were also many theories describing how the Roman Empire fell. One theory was that the rapid growth of the Empire led to the Roman Empire’s decline. Since the Empire was so big they had to pay for more things like roads and water. And they also had to pay for the armies so the taxes were raised so much that the economy started to crash and the Roman Empire fell. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decline_of_the_Roman_Empire#Theories_of_a_fall.2C_decline.2C_transition_and_continuity)
One man, Arther Ferrill, had another theory for the fall of the Roman Empire. He stated that since the barbarians were allowed to settle so close to the Roman Empire that it caused friction and decreased the size of the Roman Empire’s borders. There were also a lot of German recruits which caused the Roman army to decline in military skill. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arther_Ferrill)
Some historians like Arnold J. Toynbee and James Burke said that Roman Empire was a completely rotten system and that it wasn’t going to last long anyways. William H. McNeill said that it was the wave of many diseases that caused half the population to decrease. This made the army to large to support which led to the economic decline and eventually killed the Roman Empire. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decline_of_the_Roman_Empire#Theories_of_a_fall.2C_decline.2C_transition_and_continuity)
One interesting theory of the fall of the Roman Empire was lead poisoning. The Romans would simmer sapa and defratum, a type of grape syrup, in lead lined pots and kettles. Then the sapa was mixed with the wine they drank to make it taste better. Since they simmered it in lead pots this caused them to get lead poisoning and caused a lot of Romans to die which effected the fall of the Roman Empire. (http://everything2.com/title/Lead+Poisoning+and+the+Fall+of+the+Roman+Empire)
There are still many theories about the fall of the Roman Empire and to this day people are still trying to learn more about it. Most of these theories are probably true in affecting how the Roman Empire fell. The Roman Empire did not fall for just one reason it was an array of reasons that made it fall.

sources:

"Arther Ferrill -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 12 Mar. 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arther_Ferrill

"End of the Roman Empire." Spartacus Educational - Home Page. Web. 12 Mar. 2010. http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ROMbarbarians.htm

"Lead Poisoning and the Fall of the Roman Empire@Everything2.com." Welcome to Everything@Everything2.com. Web. 12 Mar. 2010. http://everything2.com/title/Lead+Poisoning+and+the+Fall+of+the+Roman+Empire

"Roman Empire - Definition of Roman Empire by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia." Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary. Web. 12 Mar. 2010. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Roman+Empire

"The Roman Empire (27 B.C.393 A.D.) | Thematic Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art." The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York: Metmuseum.org. Web. 12 Mar. 2010. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/roem/hd_roem.htm

Early Christian and Byzantine Art

Early Christian and Byzantine portraiture represent both a continuation and break from them past. In the past during the Roman Empire there was a lot of art but once the empire began to fall the art also stopped. Then the early Christians and the Byzantines brought back the art but in a different way. They continued the same art but they made it look different in many ways but it was also a break from the past because the art stopped but they brought it back differently. The Byzantine art showed differences between the Roman Catholic religion, which developed in the Western Roman Empire, and the Eastern Orthodox religion, which developed in the Byzantium Empire. The Byzantine art made the figures seem more flat and one dimensional and the faces had a somber look with starring eyes. They didn't attempt to make the faces seem very real. The early Christian art also didn't attempt to make everything detailed and real looking. They would make their art show more of the spiritual significance. It was to be more of an icon to visual Christian concepts then of art showing beauty.

sources:

"Byzantine Art." World History by History Link 101. Web. 12 Mar. 2010. http://www.historylink101.com/lessons/art_history_lessons/ma/byzantine_art.htm

"Early Christian - Early Christian Art." Oil Paintings Reproduction - Canvas Oil Painting Reproductions For Sale. Web. 12 Mar. 2010. http://www.huntfor.com/arthistory/medieval/earlychristian.htm

Was Rome better off as an 'empire' than as a republic?

When Rome was a republic they were run by the people and the people had more of a say in what happened in the government. This republic did bring on a lot of problems though. The Patricians would have more power than the Plebeians which caused a lot of trouble and made the Plebeians mad. Then the Republic started to fall and Rome started to become and empire. I think Rome was better of as an empire because it put most of the power in one person's hands and if that person was good with their power they would be able to run Rome better. Julius Caesar was one of the emperors and while they kept having emperors Rome kept prospering and expanding for years. The bad thing about Rome being an empire was sometimes the emperor was not good or the people would not always agree with their decision but I think that Rome ran better when one person was in power then when everyone had power.

sources:

"Roman Empire -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_empire

"Roman Republic to the Roman Empire." HyperHistory.net. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. http://www.hyperhistory.net/apwh/essays/cot/t2w4rometoempire.htm

Notes

March 8

1. Villas were like country houses- this is where the senators would sometimes come on the weekends
2. Subura- tightly compacted neighborhood in Rome
3. Gracchus brothers- Tiberius and Gaius were tribunes doing the later second century, and they had run on a platform of land rights for plebeians.
4. A battle came up in the senate
5. both of the Gracchus brothers are assassinated in two separate events in the roman forum
6. This marks the beginning of a very bloody century
7. Marius and Sulla- two roman leaders, both had won great battles on the battlefield
8. Marius is involved in the social war
9. The social war takes place around 91-88BC.
10. Troops are loyal to their leaders
11. The first civil war is between sulla's army and Marius's army
12. Marius is going to defend Rome and sulla is going to march on them
13. Sulla wins and Marius has to flee Rome.
14. Dominant political figure of the first century is Julius Caesar
15. Casesar wants to run for political office for the senate
16. Caesar came from the Julii family
17. Romance languages- french, spanish, italian, portugese, romanian.
18. These languages derives from latin and latin is the language of the Romans
19. Caesar becomes popular with the people
20. Casesars party -populares
21. They are all patrician aristocrats but the populares gain their power from the common people
22. Caesar wins
23. Senators don't like this so they go out of their way to make his life miserable
24. They send Caesar to Gaul which at that time is the middle of nowhere
25. Caesar says if I am going to go to gaul I might as well make a name for myself and he sets out to concur all of Gaul and he concurs a lot
26. The senators are nervous about Caesar winning all these battles
27. The Roman senate passes a condemnation of Caesar and it says that his battles in Gaul were illegal because they were done without the authority of the roman senate and they request that Caesar comes back to go to trial.
28. Caesar either go back to Rome by himself and faces trail and has no chance or he could go back to Rome with his army but if he does that he is going to start a civil war.
29. He decides to start the civil war and he crosses the Rubicon
30. Famous quote- the die has been cast
31. When the senators find out that Caesar is coming they freak and they get behind Pompey their lead general and they evacuate the city.
32. Pompey becomes the hero of the senate
33. Civil war one side led by Caesar and Pompey the other side leader
34. Caesar had great respect for Pompey
35. The final battle occurs in Pharsalus
36. Caesar's right hand man is Mark Antony
37. Pompey escapes the battle and goes to Egypt, but when he gets to Egypt he is met by assassins and they decapitate.
38. Caesar creates an alliance with Egypt
39. Caesar is named dictator for life
40. The senators get worried and they plot to assassinate him

March 9

1. Octavian
• Nephew of Julius Caesar
• When Caesar died Octavian was named Caesar's air
• In Caesar's will he adopts Octavian as his son
2. Octavian, Mark Antony, and Lepidus
• Form second triumvirate
• They split up the world of Rome amongst themselves
• Octavian gets the west from Italy and over
• Antony gets Greece and Egypt
• Lepidus takes the east
3. Mark Antony and Octavian get in a war against each other
• Enormous sea battle at a place called Actium
• Octavian's right hand man was Marcus Agrippa
• They defeat the forces of Cleopatra
• Cleopatra and Antony commit suicide
• Winning the battle of Actium, Octavian becomes the soul power in Rome
• Senate declares him as Augustus
• Becomes first emperor of Rome and the republic is effectively over
• Becomes the first of the Julio- Claudian dynasty
4. Julio- claudian dynasty
• Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero
5. Augustus
• After he dies his errs were not very good.
6. Suetonius
• Primary resourcer about the julio-claudian
MArch 10
1. Augustus
• Treated the senate not like they were less than him but he was number one
• Did not leave an err
• Wife's name was Livia who had a son from a previous marriage and his name was from the Claudia
• He was cruel
2. Prima porta
• Has no shoes which means they are being depicted like a god
• Cupid is riding on a dolphin and the dolphin is the symbol of Venus
• Presenting himself as having divine lineage
• On breastplate is a roman and a barbarian.
• Standards of Rome- tall bronze rods that have gold emblems on them.
• Image of propaganda
• Born of a divine family
• Roman was experts of propoganda
3. Coligila
• Nutcase
• Had special affections with his sister
• Tried to get his horse to be a senator
• Assasinate
4. Claudius
• Strange guy
• He was deformed and shy
• Overall he was a descent empire because he didn't really do much
• He did not want to be emperor and he was scared
5. Nero
• Nutcase
• Burned down a substantial part of Rome and blamed the Christians
• He wanted a large piece of property for a park and he put up a palace and a giant statue of himself on it
• Forced to commit suicide and when he goes he says the world has lost a great artist
• That ends julius-cladius
6. Vespasian
• Becomes emperor in 69Ad
• He wanted to run things strictly very military style
• Good at getting order back into the empire
• When roman emperors die they were turned into state gods- temple built in their honor
7. Titus
• He completes the Vespasian amphitheatre- coliseum
• The arch of titus and on the inside of the arch it shows a scene with people carrying a menorah because there was roman occupation of Jerusalem
8. Domitian
• Tough guy
• Builds some big public works
• Assasinated
9. Nerva
• Age of "good emperors"- Nervo-96-98; Trajan 98-117; Hadrian 117-138; antimimus pius 138-161; Marcus Aurelius 161-180
• Starts the practice in Rome of choosing who his err is going to be rather than his err just being a blood relative
10. Trajan
• Military genius
• Campaign out into the east
• Trajan's column- center of Rome, wrapped in the story of the campaign
• Expands the empire more
11. Hadrian
• Unlike any empire before him
• He was a philospopher, archetect, statesman, writer, world traveler
• First roman emperor not to be from Italy, he was from Spain
• He grew beard because greeks grew beards and he wanted to be seen as a philosopher

Who was Augustine of Hippo?

Augustine of Hippo was a Romanized Berber philosopher and theologian. He was born in 354 in Thagaste. His parents were Monica and Patricius. Thagaste was provincial Roman city in North Africa. He started at a school at Madaurus. At this school he learned Latin literature and pagan beliefs and practices. When he was 17 he studied at Carthage and learned rhetoric. In 383 he started a school in Rome to teach rhetoric, but this did not last long because when the students had to pay they just left. When Augustine was thirty he won the most visible academic chair of the Latin world. Augustine became Manichean in Carthage but when he moved to Milan he converted into Christianity. When he returned to North Africa in 388 he was ordained and became the bishop of Hippo. He wrote books that had influences on the doctrine of the church. One book he wrote was called the Confessions. This book was a penitential autobiography. Then Augustine died in 430.

sources:

"Augustine of Hippo -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo#Death

"Medieval Bestiary : Augustine of Hippo." The Medieval Bestiary. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. http://bestiary.ca/prisources/psdetail1757.htm

Julio Claudian Flashcards

Buildings of Augustus

Temple of Apollo

It was dedicated by Augustus to his patron god Apollo. It was the second temple that was dedicated to Apollo.

"Temple of Apollo Palatinus -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_of_Apollo_Palatinus

Temple of Divine Julius

This was dedicated to Julius Caesar and was where his body was cremated.

"The Death of a Dictator - Flowers on Flickr - Photo Sharing!" Welcome to Flickr - Photo Sharing. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. http://www.flickr.com/photos/xerones/280854287/

Lupercal

It is Romulus and Remus under the wold who raised them and she is nurturing them.

Lupercal -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupercal

The Portico at the Flaminian Circus

It was built by Augustus and dedicated to his sister Octavia.

"Ancient Ruins Portico Di Octavia on Flickr - Photo Sharing!" Welcome to Flickr - Photo Sharing. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. http://www.flickr.com/photos/45140057@N04/4267132548/

Temple of Jupiter Subduer

It was the most important temple in Ancient Rome and it was located on Capitoline Hill.

Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 10 Mar. 2010. \http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_of_Jupiter_Optimus_Maximus

Temple of Minerva

It is on the Aventine hill which is for the working class neighborhood.

"File:GuatCityMineraTemple.jpg -." Wikimedia Commons. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GuatCityMineraTemple.jpg

Temple of The Great Mother

it is located on the Palatine Hill.

"Samothrace Temple Complex -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 10 Mar. 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samothrace_temple_complex

Theatre of Pompey

One of the first permanent theaters in Rome.

"Theatre of Pompey -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatre_of_Pompey

Forum of Julius

"Flickr Photo Download: The Roman Forum Courtesy: Model Steel Pakistan." Welcome to Flickr - Photo Sharing. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. http://www.flickr.com/photos/zeeshan206/2884669544/sizes/s/

What were Roman attitudes towards women and children when the twelve tables were written?

Romans had bad attitude toward children and women. They treated them unfairly and as if they were property and you can see these examples in the twelve tables. Women and children were not treated correctly during the Roman times.

In the twelve tables they would use the pronoun he which meant they were sexist and put men before women. To the Romans women were not people they were property. Women did not gain respect and they were treated as the husband's daughter not as an adult. Women are not allowed to cry at a funeral.

Children were not even treated as humans. The Romans thought that children's lives were not sacred because if a child was deformed they would then be put to death.They would also sell their children which is not fair is not fair to the children.

source:

"The Twelve Tables." CSUN. Web. 5 Mar. 2010. http://www.csun.edu/~hcfll004/12tables.html

What is so "ancient" about Rome?

When people think of Rome they always think of Ancient Rome. There are many reasons they think of this because a lot of how we live today came from Ancient Rome. Ancient means “of or in time long past, esp. before the end of the Western Roman Empire.”(http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/ancient) Since Rome started a long time ago it is referred to as ancient. A lot of things that are still used in modern day came from ancient Rome but have been modified since then. Rome also has a lot of stories telling us how Rome was started and they believed in many ancient gods.

A lot of our history comes from the Ancient times in Rome. The story of Romulus and Remus was the story about how Rome began. They were abandoned twins and they were both brought up by a wolf. When they got older they decided to found the city where the wolf raised them. They both fought over where they should put this city and then Romulus killed his brother Remus. He then decided to found Rome and that is how Rome was named and founded. (http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/romulus_and_remus.htm)This story is just a legend, meaning it is not true, but Rome has many stories like this explaining things in an exciting way. These stories go way back into the ancient times which mean that most of roman history came from the Ancient times. Now you might think why is it always Ancient Rome that comes to mind first not another old, big city? Well in the ancient times Rome was the city with the biggest population. It had over one million people living in it and this city had a lot of power and advanced quickly. Rome also had a lot of very big and important buildings. Some of these buildings are still standing today and they are extremely old. Sometimes people think of an old person being ancient. Well in this case the old buildings are considered ancient especially since they came from the ancient times in Rome.
A lot of the technology and ideas we use today came back all the way from Ancient Rome. Now of course they are not exactly the same as the ones they used back then. They have been modified lot and by a lot of people to get them to the stage where they are today. The idea and a lot of the technology today did come from the Ancient Romans. The Romans started roads so people could get to places. Now in modern times we have roads everywhere and many different types of roads. The Romans made many tools that helped them in their everyday life. We still use tools today that came from them except we have modified them. Also there has been a lot of time for us to modify the tools they used in Ancient Rome. In some cases we modified so much that it is just a machine and there isn’t really much manual work for us to do. In Ancient Rome they modified there government a lot. It turned out to be a pretty successful government and our government today resembles theirs in many ways. All of the technology and things we use have had to come from somewhere and Ancient Rome was one of the biggest influences on everything we use. (http://www.mariamilani.com/ancient_rome/ancient_roman_inventions.htm)
Overall Ancient Rome is “ancient” in many ways. They have some of the most ancient history. There is history that dates back farther than that time but some of the greatest advances in history were during the ancient Roman time. They were one of the most important cities in the ancient times and they had a big influence on many things. Also a lot of our technology comes from them and it has made a huge impact on the world today.

source:

"Ancient | Define Ancient at Dictionary.com." Dictionary.com | Find the Meanings and Definitions of Words at Dictionary.com. Web. 05 Mar. 2010. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/ancient

"Ancient Roman Inventions." Truly Rome Apartments in Rome. Web. 05 Mar. 2010. http://www.mariamilani.com/ancient_rome/ancient_roman_inventions.htm

"Romulus and Remus." History Learning Site. Web. 05 Mar. 2010. http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/romulus_and_remus.htm

What elements of the Roman Republican political and legal system appear present in the systems of modern democracies?

A lot of the Roman Republican political and legal systems are present in todays modern democracies. One example of how there legal systems is still used in a way modernly is the Twelve Tables. The Twelve Tables were a code of law for the romans to follow which would bring their society closer together and make the parties come closer. In modern day democracies we also have written laws that every one needs to follow or else there are consequences. For example we have the Constitution which are rules for our government. Also just like our government they had different people doing different roles. There were consuls, praetors, censors, aediles, tribunes, and quaestors. In our government we have the president, vice president, representatives, senate, etc. In both these government all these people would work together and help improve the legal and political systems and make new laws and make the country run better. The Romans would also vote for their representatives but there not every could vote. We also vote for our representatives and the president. The Roman Republic political and legal systems really helped give

sources:

Adams, John. "The Twelve Tables." CSUN. 10 June 2009. Web. 4 Mar. 2010. http://www.csun.edu/~hcfll004/12tables.html

McManus, Barbara. "Roman Cursus Honorum." Vroma. July 2003. Web. 4 Mar. 2010. http://www.vroma.org/~bmcmanus/romangvt.html

Western Civ notes

January 27

1. Nomads were stone age people.
2. They were People planting crops, staying in one location, domesticate animals
3. Neolithic period is when artwork started
4. Once people settle down civilization starts and cities

The first city is the city of jerico

5. Tell- a sight's that has been burned over time, looks like a hill.
6. As cities grow water becomes the major reason why a city is a city
7. Once you have people settle in one place you can trade goods and they start to specialize
8. Then a legal system
9. Then Organized labor, organized business, organized law, and organized religion

febuary 17

1. Peloponnese is a peninsula that is where the ancient city of Sparta was.
2. Between Athens and Sparta is the city of coreg
3. Turkey used to be called Anatolia in the ancient times.
4. King of Troy was Prium and his son was Paris
5. Paris went to meet with some greek kings
6. They didn’t want Discartia at the wedding because she always causes problems.
7. She sent an apple to the fairest godess at the wedding and the godesses were fighting over the apple.
8. Paris had to choose the fairest goddess.
9. He picked Afroditie because she said she would give him whatever women he wanted as a wife.
10. He said he wanted Helena the most beautiful women in the entire world but she was already married to menolyes and king and brother of Agamemnon.
11. Paris abducts Helena and they run of back to Troy
12. Agamemnon and menolyes make a big fleet and they attack troy and the war lasts for 10 years.
13. They made a giant horse and they left and they hid around the islands.
14. Greek commandoes hiding inside the horse and opened the gates and slaughtered the people of Troy and burnt it down.

february 22

1. Herodotus- ancient Greek historian
2. Persian empire was largest empire in the world in 6th century BC
3. The Persians decided to invade Greece
4. The route that they used goes through the north to a water way referred to as the Bospherous then enter northern Greece known as Thrice
5. Invasion led by Xerxes
6. The Greeks found out the Persians plan and they need to meet the Persians on the battle field
7. They will meet at the pass called Thermopylae
8. Greeks were vastly outnumbered
9. They were led by the Spartans
10. The Spartans lived on the Peloponnese
11. Sparta led by code of military honor
12. Lisergas was the first of the Spartan leaders to create a system of laws
13. They fought in Phalanx formation
14. Phalanx formation is a square that is going to move in formation
15. The battle lasted 3 days
16. When the Persians get to Athens it is empty
17. Greeks win the battle of Salamis
18. 480-the Persian war ends and the Greeks are the winner
19. theatre started in honor of the Gods
20. Acropolis had a number of temples

february 23

The Peloponnesian war

Sparta invades Athens

1. Athens is trying to fight Sparta on land, at sea, and trying to continue with their trade routes.
2. Athens had a strong navy and were able to maintain the trade routes
3. Athens built two walls that go all the way down to the harbor. About 6 miles
4. Sparta closed one of the walls so Athens couldn't get their food
5. The plague hits.
6. Athenians were trapped in the plague
7. The Spartans go home but the Athenian suffered great losses.
8. Alcibiades- Athenian who came up with a plan attack system
9. Before ships set sail there was a huge act of vandalism and Alcibiades was framed
10. He became so angry that he decided to give up the Athenian strategy

Socratic method was always asking questions to learn

Plato wrote down the teachings of Socrates.

Aristotle always agreed with Plato.

March 1

1. Aeneas- from troy was the son of a prince
2. In ancient times most of southern Italy was inhabited by Greeks
3. Aeneas's son Iulus becomes king and he sets up the capital at a place called Alba Longa
4. Alba Long was the center of Trojan civilization in Italy
5. Romulus and Remiss declared war on each other and Romulus wins and Remiss is dead
6. Rome gets it name from Romulus
7. The Patricians weren't as many as the Plebeians but they had more power
8. The struggle of the orders- political struggle that happens between the patricians and the plebeians
9. The patricians gave the plebs one representative who could only veto
10. Rome will be the first city in the world to have a million people
11. Pyrrhus of Epirus decided he was going to take on the Romans and he wins almost every battle but he does it at such a cost that he cannot continue to battle
12. Pyrrhic victory- is when you win but lose so much that you cant battle
13. Punic war- a series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264 BC to 146 BC and they define Roman dominance in the Mediterranean
15. Important events in rome
1. Aeneas/ trojans defeat Latium
2. Alba Longa
3. Romulus and Remus/ founding on Rome in 753 BCE
4. Expulsion of the Etruscan Kings/ Establishment of the Roan Republic 6th century
5. Etrunia
6. Tarquin the proud
7. Tarquin the sixth
8. Lucretia
9. Lucius Jurius Brutus led them
10. The Roman republic was founded in 509 BC
5. Struggle of the orders/ tribune of the Plebs
6. Roman expansion/ Pyrrus
7. 1st Punic war

March 2

1. Punic wars
2. First Punic war was a war over the trade routes
3. Hannibal would be the greatest threat Rome has ever seen
4. 2nd Punic war starts with an invasion
5. Hannibal starts his invasion by crossing through Spain and going to new Carthage
6. Hannibal brought with him his troop of war elephants.
7. Hannibal's plan was to circle the Romans and they won the battle
8. Hannibal was brought up to hate the Romans
9. Scipio Africanus was the general who defeated Hannibal at the last battle of the Punic war. The battle of Zoma
10. Cato the Elder was a Roman statesman

MArch 3
1. Herodotus- wrote the history of the Persian war. He is known as the father of history.
2. Thucydides - he was a more accurate historian and he really attempts to get the story right
3. Livy- roman historian. Writes the history of Rome from the beginning all the way up to his time.
4. On the battle field they would scare the elephants

Third Punic war Scipio Alemenamos went to carthage and he circled the city and they killed everyone there.